On Jan. 27, 1967, NASA experienced its first space disaster - the deaths of three astronauts during a training excercise for the Apollo 1 mission. Pictured are the three Apollo 1 prime crewmembers intended for the first manned Apollo space flight: (L to R) Edward H. White II, Virgil I. "Gus" Grissom, and Roger B. Chaffee. A fire inside the Apollo Command Module during a test took the lives of all three astronauts. NASA had not experienced a disaster of this magnitude previously.
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Astronauts Virgil Grissom, Edward White, and Roger Chaffee lost their lives when a fire struck during testing for the AS-204 mission on January 27, 1967. The flight would have been the first Apollo manned mission, and NASA later renamed the mission Apollo 1 in honor of the astronauts. Following the disaster, NASA made substantial changes to increase safety
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Astronauts (left to right) Gus Grissom, Ed White, and Roger Chaffee posing in front of Launch Complex 34.
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Astronaut Ed White floats in zero gravity of space off the coast of California during the Gemini IV mission.
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The flag draped coffin of Astronaut Virgil I. Grissom is escorted at Arlington Cemetery, Va., by his fellow astronauts, following the Apollo 1 fire that claimed his life.
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Soviet cosmonaut Vladimir Komarov (right) is seen here with Yuri Gargarin. Komarov piloted the Soyuz 1 mission on April 24, 1967. Komarov perished uponimpact when the parachutes that were supposed to slow his capsule's return to Earth failed. In 2011, a controversial book attempted to describe Komarov's death but was challenged by experts.
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Soviet cosmonauts Viktor Patsayev, Georgi Dobrovolsky, and Vladislav Volkov are seen in the Soyuz simulator during their mission training for Soyuz 11. After a successful docking with the Salyut 1 space station in June 1971, the crew returned to earth on June 30. Recovery team members found the three men dead inside their capsule. A valve had opened in space, allowing the air to escape.
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On Jan. 28, 1986, NASA faced its first shuttle disaster, the loss of the Challenger orbiter and its seven-astronaut crew. Here, Challenger's last crew – members of the STS-51L mission – stand in the White Room at Pad 39B following the end of a launch dress rehearsal. They are (L to R) Teacher in Space Participant, Sharon "Christa" McAuliffe, Payload Specialist, Gregory Jarvis, Mission Specialist, Judy Resnik, Commander Dick Scobee. Mission Specialist, Ronald McNair, Pilot, Michael Smith and Mission Specialist, Ellison Onizuka
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An official portrait shows the STS-51L crewmembers. Back row (L to R): Mission Specialist, Ellison S. Onizuka, Teacher in Space Participant Sharon ChristaMcAuliffe, Payload Specialist, Greg Jarvis and Mission Specialist, Judy Resnik. Front row (L to R): Pilot Mike Smith, Commander, Dick Scobee and Mission Specialist, Ron McNair.
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Greg Jarvis was selected as a payload specialist candidate in July 1984. He was chosen from over 600 engineer applicants from Hughes Aircraft. His initial launch date was delayed twice and he reentered training in November 1985, preparing to fly the STS 51-L mission. His duties on Challenger 51-L were to conduct fluid dynamics experiments that would have tested the reactions of satellite propellants to various shuttle maneuvers and simulated spacecraft movements. He and the entire STS 51-L crew died on January 28, 1986 when Challenger exploded after launch.
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Christa McAuliffe was selected as the primary candidate for the NASA Teacher in Space Project on July 19, 1985. She was a payload specialist on STS 51-L,which launched from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, at 11:38:00 EST on January 28, 1986. The STS 51-L crew died on January 28, 1986 when Challenger exploded after launch.
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Selected as an astronaut candidate by NASA in January 1978, Ronald McNair completed a 1-year training and evaluation period in August 1979, qualifying him for assignment as a mission specialist astronaut on Space Shuttle flight crews. Dr. McNair was assigned as a mission specialist on STS 51-L. Dr. McNair died on January 28, 1986 when the Space Shuttle Challenger exploded after launch from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida.
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Lieutenant Colonel Onizuka was a mission specialist on STS 51-L which launched from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, at 11:38:00 EST on January 28, 1986. The STS 51-L crew died on January 28, 1986, after Challenger exploded 1 minute 13 seconds after launch
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Dr. Resnik was a mission specialist on STS 51-L, which was launched from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, at 11:38:00 EST on January 28, 1986. The STS 51-L crew died on January 28, 1986 after Challenger exploded 1 minute and 13 seconds after launch
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Captain Michael J. Smith was assigned as pilot on shuttle mission STS 51-L. He was also assigned as pilot for Space Shuttle Mission 61-N scheduled for launch in the Fall of 1986. Captain Smith died on January 28, 1986 when the Space Shuttle Challenger exploded after launch from the Kennedy Space Center.
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Francis R. "Dick" Scobee was spacecraft commander on STS 51-L, which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, at 11:38:00 EST on January 28, 1986. The STS-51L crew died on January 28, 1986 after Challenger exploded 1 minute, 13 seconds after launch
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Teacher Christa McAuliffe experiences the "vomit comet."
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STS-51L crewmembers and backup depart Ellington Air Field following brief flights in NASA's T-38 jet trainers. Pictured (L to R): Barbara R. Morgan, Michael J. Smith, an unidentified visitor, Sharon Christa McAuliffe and Francis R. (Dick) Scobee.
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The STS-51L Challenger flight crew receives emergency egress training in the slide wire baskets. They are (L to R) Mission Specialist, Ronald McNair, Payload Specialist, Gregory Jarvis, Teacher in Space Participant, Christa McAuliffe. Directly behind them are Mission Specialist Judy Resnik and Mission Specialist, Ellison Onizuka.
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The STS-107 crew. Front from left: Rick Husband William McCool. Standing from left: David Brown, Laurel Clark, Kalpana Chawla and Michael Anderson and Ilan Ramon. The entire crew was lost on February 1, 2003, during re-entry when Space Shuttle Columbia disintegrated over northern Texas.
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Astronaut Rick D. Husband, commander of shuttle mission mission STS-107, shown in January 1999. He perished on February 1, 2003, when Space Shuttle Columbia disintegrated over northern Texas.
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Ilan Ramon (Colonel, Israel Air Force), payload specialist representing the Israel Space Agency (ISA), shown in November 2001. He perished in flight on February 1, 2003, when Space Shuttle Columbia disintegrated over northern Texas.
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Kalpana Chawla flew on two shuttle missions. She perished in flight on February 1, 2003, when Space Shuttle Columbia disintegrated over northern Texas
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Astronaut William C. McCool, pilot of the STS-107 mission, shown on August 10, 2001. He perished in flight on February 1, 2003, when Space Shuttle Columbia disintegrated over northern Texas.
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Astronaut Michael P. Anderson, STS-107 payload commander shown on October 1, 2001. He perished in flight on February 1, 2003, when Space Shuttle Columbia disintegrated over northern Texas.
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Astronaut David M. Brown, STS-107 mission specialist, shown on Sep. 25, 2001. He perished in flight on February 1, 2003, when Space Shuttle Columbia disintegrated over northern Texas.
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Astronaut Laurel B. Clark, STS-107 mission specialist, shown on February 26, 2002. She perished in flight on February 1, 2003, when Space Shuttle Columbia disintegrated over northern Texas.
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During the STS-107 mission, the crew appears to fly toward the camera in a group photo aboard the Space Shuttle Columbia. On the bottom row (L to R) areastronauts Kalpana Chawla, mission specialist; Rick D. Husband, mission commander; Laurel B. Clark, mission specialist; and Ilan Ramon, payload specialist. In the top row (L to R) are astronauts David M. Brown, mission specialist; William C. McCool, pilot; and Michael P. Anderson, payload commander. On February 1, 2003, during re-entry, the Space Shuttle Columbia disintegrated over northern Texas with all seven crewmembers aboard. This picture survived on a roll of unprocessed film recovered by searchers from the debris.
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Flowers lay at the foot of the Space Mirror Memorial at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex in Florida for NASA's Day of Remembrance to honor members of the NASA family who lost their lives while furthering the cause of exploration and discovery.
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A moment of silence is observed at the Astronaut Memorial Mirror.
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The Space Mirror Memorial was dedicated in 1991 to honor those lost in pursuit of the exploration of space. There are 24 people memorialized on the granite blocks that make up the monument.
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